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TGA to EXR

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Information about TGA
File extension
tga
File category
Raster Image
Stands for
Targa Graphic File
Developer
Truevision Inc. (Currently part of Avid technology)
Overview
This extension is particularly used to store Raster images. It was developed for the first graphic cards so that they can provide support to high colour or true colour displays. This group aimed at professional computer image synthesis and also at video editing in personal computers. Every colour which is available is defined with the help of palette. TARGA stands for Truevision Advanced Raster Graphics adapter and TGA is an initial for this adapter. This file format is quite popular in animation as well as video industry. The size of the files is large due to the characterization each pixel of an image by a particular number of bits. Depending upon the situation, data can be compiled using a lossless RLE (Run-length encoding) compression or can be stored in raw form as well. It should be noted that this compression is suitable only for icons, cartoons and line drawings not for photographic images.
Technical description
TGA is capable of storing photos of 8,16,24 and 32 bits of accuracy per pixel. In addition to this, 24 bits of RGB and 8- bit for alpha channel. Furthermore, it only contains an 18-byte header which is followed by image data. A header in it consists of ID length, colour map type, image type, colour map specification and image specification. Image ID can store any kind of information but generally, it either has a date and time the image was created or a serial number. There can be optional sections as well like developer area, extension area and file footer; etc in order to add extra information.
Links
wikipedia.org

Information about EXR
File extension
exr
File category
Raster Image
Stands for
OpenEXR
Developer
Industrial Light & Magic
Overview
This EXR extension stores the raster or bitmap images, which are dot matrix structures. It is also an open standard format with a free software license. It works effectively with HDR images(High Dynamic Range). The pictures that are stocked using this format can have either lossy or lossless compression. It has the capability to keep photographs of high luminance and colour. It supports pictures of multiple layers that possess high quality. This format is used by many photo editors in order to add visual effects as well as animation due to its flexibility in compressing the images to both lossy and lossless algorithms.
Technical description
EXR can support multiple channels with varied pixel sizes that are 32-bit and 16-bit floating-point values. It contains arbitrary channels and it can cover multiple points of view. For instance, the left side and right side camera images. Composting is an enhanced feature in this format which allows assembling of numerous pictures to one final photo. There is no need to make separate files for storing the information of arbitrary channels like diffuse, alpha, specular; as all can be combined to one file of this type. A compositor can also modify the specific channel if he is not satisfied with the current appearance of specular reflections or specularity. It has different compression methods for varied types. For grainy images PIZ algorithm is suitable and images that are without a lot of grain, ZIP compression works the best.
Links
wikipedia.org