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PNG to EXR

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Information about PNG
File extension
png
File category
Raster image file
Stands for
Portable Network Graphics
Developer
PNG development Group(Donated to World wide web Consortium/ W3C)
Overview
These files are commonly termed as ‘ping' and they store the raster files using lossless compression. It came into existence in order to replace the GIF file format as they both have the ability to show transparent backgrounds. Furthermore, it was an enhanced and improved version of Graphics Interchange format. It supports different types of photos. The first one is palette-based photographs that can either have palettes of 24-bit RGB or 32-bit RGBA colours. Second is grayscale images which may or may not have an alpha channel for transparency. Lastly, there is a full-colour non-palette which is based on RGB/RGBA pictures. There is one limitation of this type. It does not support animation like GIF. Besides this, it is non-patented which means there are no copyright limitations.
Technical description
The expanded features like 8- bit channel for transparency and 24- bit RGB support make PNG more popular. The files stores in this format allow the fading of colours from opaque to transparent which is not present in the preceding format. CMYK does not offer support to this extension as it was developed for transferring of files over the internet, not for professional-quality print graphics. It stores information like textual comments, integrity checks and encoded basic pixels in its extensible structure of chunks. It always starts with an 8-byte signature followed by a series of chunks. A chunk furthermore comprises of four parts- length (4 bytes), chunk type (4 bytes), chunk data (length bytes) and CRC- Cyclic redundancy checksum or code (4 bytes).
Links
wikipedia.org

Information about EXR
File extension
exr
File category
Raster Image
Stands for
OpenEXR
Developer
Industrial Light & Magic
Overview
This EXR extension stores the raster or bitmap images, which are dot matrix structures. It is also an open standard format with a free software license. It works effectively with HDR images(High Dynamic Range). The pictures that are stocked using this format can have either lossy or lossless compression. It has the capability to keep photographs of high luminance and colour. It supports pictures of multiple layers that possess high quality. This format is used by many photo editors in order to add visual effects as well as animation due to its flexibility in compressing the images to both lossy and lossless algorithms.
Technical description
EXR can support multiple channels with varied pixel sizes that are 32-bit and 16-bit floating-point values. It contains arbitrary channels and it can cover multiple points of view. For instance, the left side and right side camera images. Composting is an enhanced feature in this format which allows assembling of numerous pictures to one final photo. There is no need to make separate files for storing the information of arbitrary channels like diffuse, alpha, specular; as all can be combined to one file of this type. A compositor can also modify the specific channel if he is not satisfied with the current appearance of specular reflections or specularity. It has different compression methods for varied types. For grainy images PIZ algorithm is suitable and images that are without a lot of grain, ZIP compression works the best.
Links
wikipedia.org