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Information about TGA
File extension
tga
File category
Raster Image
Stands for
Targa Graphic File
Developer
Truevision Inc. (Currently part of Avid technology)
Overview
This extension is particularly used to store Raster images. It was developed for the first graphic cards so that they can provide support to high colour or true colour displays. This group aimed at professional computer image synthesis and also at video editing in personal computers. Every colour which is available is defined with the help of palette. TARGA stands for Truevision Advanced Raster Graphics adapter and TGA is an initial for this adapter. This file format is quite popular in animation as well as video industry. The size of the files is large due to the characterization each pixel of an image by a particular number of bits. Depending upon the situation, data can be compiled using a lossless RLE (Run-length encoding) compression or can be stored in raw form as well. It should be noted that this compression is suitable only for icons, cartoons and line drawings not for photographic images.
Technical description
TGA is capable of storing photos of 8,16,24 and 32 bits of accuracy per pixel. In addition to this, 24 bits of RGB and 8- bit for alpha channel. Furthermore, it only contains an 18-byte header which is followed by image data. A header in it consists of ID length, colour map type, image type, colour map specification and image specification. Image ID can store any kind of information but generally, it either has a date and time the image was created or a serial number. There can be optional sections as well like developer area, extension area and file footer; etc in order to add extra information.
Links
wikipedia.org

Information about PNG
File extension
png
File category
Raster image file
Stands for
Portable Network Graphics
Developer
PNG development Group(Donated to World wide web Consortium/ W3C)
Overview
These files are commonly termed as ‘ping' and they store the raster files using lossless compression. It came into existence in order to replace the GIF file format as they both have the ability to show transparent backgrounds. Furthermore, it was an enhanced and improved version of Graphics Interchange format. It supports different types of photos. The first one is palette-based photographs that can either have palettes of 24-bit RGB or 32-bit RGBA colours. Second is grayscale images which may or may not have an alpha channel for transparency. Lastly, there is a full-colour non-palette which is based on RGB/RGBA pictures. There is one limitation of this type. It does not support animation like GIF. Besides this, it is non-patented which means there are no copyright limitations.
Technical description
The expanded features like 8- bit channel for transparency and 24- bit RGB support make PNG more popular. The files stores in this format allow the fading of colours from opaque to transparent which is not present in the preceding format. CMYK does not offer support to this extension as it was developed for transferring of files over the internet, not for professional-quality print graphics. It stores information like textual comments, integrity checks and encoded basic pixels in its extensible structure of chunks. It always starts with an 8-byte signature followed by a series of chunks. A chunk furthermore comprises of four parts- length (4 bytes), chunk type (4 bytes), chunk data (length bytes) and CRC- Cyclic redundancy checksum or code (4 bytes).
Links
wikipedia.org