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| File extension | .jpg |
|---|---|
| File category | Raster Image |
| Stands for | Joint photographic experts group |
| Developer | The JPEG group |
| Overview | Files stored in this format are small in size that is why they can be uploaded and downloaded with ease. It takes less time over the internet to upload and download due to smaller size which results in saving of bandwidth. This extension is compressed using a lossy algorithm that is why there can be a reduction in the quality of the photograph. It has the ability to compress the file to one-tenth of its original size. It is widely used in emails and also when images are to be posted on websites. Digital Cameras and other photographic image capture devices widely use this JPG format. The paintings and photos of realistic scenes that have smooth variations of colour can be best illustrated by this format. |
| Technical description | A technique used in JPEG format to compress files is lossy compression which is based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) as it is the most practical Mathematical operation. The DCT actually converts each frame of the video from the spatial domain to a frequency/transform domain. It discards the information of high frequency that has sharp transitions in intensity as well as in colour hue. Furthermore, this standard defines a codec which tells how an image can be encoded into a stream of bytes and decoded back into an image. The files can be compressed in the ratio of 100:1 but that would result in the poor quality of an image. Therefore, to retain the quality of a photo, a file should be compressed till 20:1 ratio not more than that. |
| Links | wikipedia.org (opens in new tab - official documentation) |
| File extension | .svg |
|---|---|
| File category | Vector Image File |
| Stands for | Scalable Vector Graphics |
| Developer | World Wide Web Consortium |
| Overview | This extension is based on an extensible Markup Language (XML) and images stored in this format are two dimensional as well as vector graphics. It is an open standard format but it supports both interactivity and animation. These files can be searched, indexed, scripted and compressed because their behaviour is specified by XML text files. Editing can be done using a text editor or any drawing software. All popular web browsers provide rendering support to SVG. The major difference between the bitmap image or raster image and vector image is that the former one is made up of a fixed set of pixels whereas the latter one consists of a fixed set of shapes. Scaling in raster reveals the pixels in it and in vector it tells about the shapes. |
| Technical description | It follows lossless data compression as it contains numerous repeated fragments of text. SVGZ image is a compressed form of SVG, when it is compressed using GZIP algorithm. In 2011 there was mobile version 1.1, which minimized the computational and display capacities. As these files use text to describe the graphics that is why it is very easy to resize them to different sizes(Zooming and Diminishing) without loss of quality. Besides this, they have the capability to store rich graphics and also offers compatibility to CSS(Cascading style sheets) for styling which in return allows a higher level of presentation editing. In addition to this, JavaScript is used for scripting. Lastly, it has three types of graphic objects – vector graphic shapes (paths and outlines), bitmap images and text. |
| Links | wikipedia.org (opens in new tab - official documentation) |
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